Embedded Files
Remove Any Existing MySQL Libraries
Remove Any Existing MySQL Libraries
Ensure there are no MariaDB or MySQL CE libraries already installed (some of these have shipped by default on some distributions)....
sudo su - root
yum list installed | grep -i maria
yum list installed | grep -i mysql
To remove, if necessary, use...
yum remove mariadb-libs.x86_64
yum remove mysql-community-*
yum remove mysql-release-el7.x86_64
yum clean all
IMPORTANT NOTE: Be careful if you have installed an application that will use MySQL before installing MySQL (e.g. Zabbix) as the commands above are likely to remove some components that the application is dependent on.
System Packages
System Packages
sudo dnf install -y libaio numactl-libs perl wget tar
Kernel Parameter Tuning
Kernel Parameter Tuning
/etc/sysctl.d/mysql.conf
vm.swappiness = 1
vm.overcommit_memory = 0
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 1000000
net.core.somaxconn = 65535
sudo sysctl --system
Filesystem
Filesystem
XFS (preferred) or EXT4.
/var/lib/mysql should be created as a distinct mount point sized to hold the expected aggregate size of the database files. If expected database size is not known, a sensible default is 50GB.
/backup should be created as a distinct mount point sized to hold the expected size of at least one complete backup. If expected database size is not known, a sensible default is 50GB.
Mount options...
noatime,nodiratime,relatime
User & Group
User & Group
If you use an RPM or DEB install (i.e. YUM or APT), then this will be done automatically.
SELinux / AppArmor
SELinux / AppArmor
sudo semanage fcontext -a -t mysqld_db_t "/data/mysql(/.*)?"
sudo restorecon -Rv /data/mysql
sudo aa-status
sudo nano /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.mysqld
AppArmor
Firewall
Firewall
sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=mysql --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --reload
firewalld
sudo ufw allow 3306/tcp
ufw
Transparent Huge Pages (THP)
Transparent Huge Pages (THP)
Transparent Huge Pages should be disabled.
Check with...
cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
NUMA
NUMA
NUMA imbalance can lead to severe stalls under high load.
If NUMA exists, best practice:
Bind mysqld to all nodes equally, or
Disable NUMA in BIOS, or
Run mysqld with numactl:
numactl --interleave=all mysqld
Time Synchronisation
Time Synchronisation
MySQL replication and GTIDs depend on correct time. Use tools like chrony.
Swap
Swap
MySQL prefers low or zero swap usage. Best practice:
Swap enabled but small (1–2 GB)
swappiness=1 (as in sysctl above)
Never disable swap on production.
FQDN
FQDN
If the hostname cannot be resolved, MySQL startup or replication may hang.
Check with...
hostname -f
getent hosts $(hostname -f)
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