MySQL Linux Prerequisites

/var/lib/mysql should be created as a distinct mount point sized to hold the expected aggregate size of the database files. If expected database size is not known, a sensible default is 50GB.
/backup should be created as a distinct mount point sized to hold the expected size of at least one complete backup. If expected database size is not known, a sensible default is 50GB.

UNIX Filesystems

Mount options...

noatime,nodiratime,relatime

df -h

CPU & Memory

Refer to the Sensible Starting Sizes and Cookie Cutter Configs shown on the MySQL Install Page

MySQL Install

lscpu

free -h

Swap

MySQL prefers low or zero swap usage. Best practice:

Swap enabled but small (1–2 GB)
swappiness=1

as set in Kernel Parameter Tuning section later

Never disable swap on production.

UNIX Paging/Swap

free -h

sysctl vm.swappiness

YUM / APT Repositories

Make sure you can access the repositories via the internet or ensure you have a local up to date repository available.

More information about where to populate your local repositories from can be found on the distribution specific install pages.

Remove Any Existing MySQL Libraries

Ensure there are no MariaDB or MySQL CE libraries already installed (some of these have shipped by default on some distributions)....

yum list installed | grep -i maria

yum list installed | grep -i mysql

To remove, if necessary, use...

sudo yum remove mariadb-libs.x86_64

sudo yum remove mysql-community-*

sudo yum remove mysql-release-el7.x86_64

sudo yum clean all

IMPORTANT NOTE: Be careful if you have installed an application that will use MySQL before installing MySQL (e.g. Zabbix Proxy) as the commands above are likely to remove some components that the application is dependent on.

System Packages

yum list installed | grep -i libaio

yum list installed | grep -i numactl-libs

yum list installed | grep -i perl

yum list installed | grep -i wget

yum list installed | grep -i tar

sudo dnf install -y libaio numactl-libs perl wget tar

Kernel Parameter Tuning

sysctl vm.swappiness

sysctl vm.overcommit_memory

sysctl fs.aio-max-nr

sysctl fs.file-max

sysctl net.core.somaxconn

sudo vi /etc/sysctl.d/mysql.conf

vm.swappiness = 1

vm.overcommit_memory = 0

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 1000000

net.core.somaxconn = 65535

sudo sysctl --system

User & Group

If you use an RPM or DEB install (i.e. YUM or APT), then this will be done automatically.

SELinux / AppArmor

SELinux should be enabled and enforcing. Check with…

getenforce

sestatus

sudo semanage port -l | grep mysql

sudo semanage fcontext -a -t mysqld_db_t "/data/mysql(/.*)?"

sudo restorecon -Rv /data/mysql

SELinux

sudo aa-status

sudo nano /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.mysqld

AppArmor

Firewall

MySQL should be reachable on port 3306.

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --list-ports

Linux Firewall

To fix...

sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=mysql --permanent

sudo firewall-cmd --reload

firewalld

sudo ufw allow 3306/tcp

ufw

Transparent Huge Pages (THP)

Transparent Huge Pages should be disabled.

Check with...

cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled

cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag

Should show [never]

sudo vi /etc/tmpfiles.d/disable-thp.conf

w /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled - - - - never

w /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag - - - - never

sudo systemd-tmpfiles –create

NUMA

ls -d /sys/devices/system/node/node*

If only node0 is returned, then server does not have NUMA

NUMA imbalance can lead to severe stalls under high load.

If NUMA exists, best practice:

Bind mysqld to all nodes equally, or
Disable NUMA in BIOS, or
Run mysqld with numactl:

numactl --interleave=all mysqld

Time Synchronisation

MySQL replication and GTIDs depend on correct time. Use tools like chrony.

Assuming chrnoyd is used. Check with…

systemctl status chronyd

chronyc sources -v

chronyc tracking

sudo chronyc selectdata

FQDN

If the hostname cannot be resolved, MySQL startup or replication may hang.

Check with...

hostname -f

getent hosts $(hostname -f)

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